Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift V2 Cognitive Class Exam Quiz Answers

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Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift V2 Cognitive Class Certification Answers

Module 1 – Understanding the Benefits of Containers Quiz Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: Which of the following are benefits of containers?

Each container runs its own operating system (OS).
Containers provide a standardized way to package and ship software.
Like virtual machines (VMs), containers virtualize your infrastructure.
Each container is fully isolated and therefore secure.

Question 2: What is an image?

An isolated process running on a local or remote host with its own file system and networking.
A read-only file that contains the source code, libraries, and dependencies that are needed to run an application.
A YAML file with key/value pairs specifying the attributes of a container.
A text file that contains the commands and settings that will run a container and the apps running in that container.

Question 3: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM ubuntu:18.04

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.
It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.
It defines the base image, which in this case is Ubuntu version 18.04.
It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.

Question 4: What does the docker build command do?

It uses an image to create a container.
It uses a Dockerfile to create an image.
It creates a Dockerfile.
It creates a Docker app.

Question 5: You can use the Docker COPY instruction to copy files from your local machine to a container.

True
False

Module 2 – Understanding Kubernetes Architecture Quiz Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is?

Open source software.
Container orchestration platform.
Widely available.
A tool that facilitates declarative management.
All of the above.

Question 2: Which of the following components is part of the Kubernetes control plane?

The worker nodes.
etcd
The kubelet
The Kubernetes network proxy.

Question 3: Which of the following are Kubernetes objects?

B and C
Namespaces
ConfigMaps
Kubelets
Clusters

Question 4: Which Kubernetes object represents a single instance of processes running in a container?

Deployment
Pod
ReplicaSet
Cluster
Kubelet

Question 5: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
It creates a YAML file named nginx.yaml.
It creates an object using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
It creates a new cluster using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
It creates a configuration file for a nginx web server.

Module 3 – Managing Applications with Kubernetes Quiz Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: Which of the following statements describes what a ReplicaSet does? Select all that apply.

Maintains a stable set of Pods in a cluster, spinning up or deleting pods as needed.
Provides configuration details to Deployments.
Rolls out app changes in an automated and controlled manner.
Replicates a Deployment.
Autoscales an application.

Question 2: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

ReplicaSets
ConfigMaps
Secrets
Service bindings
ibmcloud CLI

Question 3: In this sample kubectl command, what does get deployments tell us? Select all that apply.

» kubectl get deployments

NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE

Nginx-deploy 1/3 1 1

How many replicas of the application are ready.
The number of replicas that have been updated to the desired state.
How many replicas of the application are available.
How long the application has been running.
The Kubernetes namespace in which the Deployments live.

Question 4: Which of the following Kubernetes objects is used to store and manage sensitive information?

Service bindings
ConfigMaps
Secrets
ReplicaSets

Question 5: Which of the following can be used to create ConfigMaps? Select all that apply.

The kubectl add configmap command.
A file with key-value pairs.
A YAML configuration file.
Service bindings.
Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.

Module 4 – The Kubernetes Ecosystem Quiz Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Red Hat OpenShift and Kubernetes?

OpenShift packages Kubernetes with additional tooling to make developers and administrators more successful.
OpenShift is a tool in the Kubernetes that ecosystem that can be used in conjunction with Kubernetes to deploy cloud-native applications.
OpenShift can be deployed on a Kubernetes cluster to provide additional tooling such as logging, monitoring, and CI/CD.
OpenShift plugs into Kubernetes through custom resource definitions to provide build and other capabilities.

Question 2: Which of the following are Red Hat OpenShift build triggers? Select all that apply.

Webhook
Image change
Configuration change
Source-to-image
Docker build

Question 3: Which of the following are possible with Istio service mesh? Select all that apply.

Routing traffic to two versions of a microservice.
Setting policies that stipulate which services can talk to each other.
Encrypting traffic between services.
Creating protocols for service to service communication.
Decouple applications into smaller, loosely coupled microservices.

Question 4: Which of the following are types of operators available in OperatorHub? Select all that apply.

Red Hat
Certified
Community
Custom controller
CRD

Question 5: Image streams can point to images in which of the following locations. Select all that apply.

Other image streams.
Public external registries.
Private external registries.
The OpenShift internal registry.
A Kubernetes cluster.

Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift V2 Final Exam Answers – Cognitive Class

Question 1: What does the Docker CLI build command do?

It builds an image from a Dockerfile.
It builds a microservice that will run in an image.
It builds a Dockerfile.
It builds a new container.
It builds a new cluster.

Question 2: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM alpine:3.9

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

It defines the base image, which in this case is Alpine version 3.9.
It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.
It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.
It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.

Question 3: Containers include a guest operating system in every instance.

True
False

Question 4: In this sample docker build command, what does the -t option do?

docker build -t my-app:v1 .

It gives the image the name “my-app” and the tag “v1”.
It indicates that the files used to build the image are located in the current working directory.
It indicates that the version “v1” of “my-app” should be used when building the image.
It tags the current working directory as the target location for the image being built.

Question 5: You use the docker push command to distribute an image to a registry.

True
False

Question 6: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is? Select all that apply.

An all-inclusive platform as a service (PaaS).
A service for building source code.
A continuous delivery pipeline.
A solution for sharing and storing images.
A container orchestration platform.

Question 7: Which of the following are container runtimes? Select all that apply.

Docker
rocket
CRI-O
DRunner
Kubelet

Question 8: Which of the following Kubernetes objects can you use to segregate a cluster by team or project?

Namespaces
ConfigMaps
Kubernetes controllers
Volumes

Question 9: Which Kubernetes object provides updates to Pods and ReplicaSets?

Deployment
ConfigMap
Secret
Patch

Question 10: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f pod.json

It creates a JSON file named pod.json.
It creates an object using the details in the pod.json file.
It creates a new cluster using the details in the pod.json file.
It creates a file that contains the configuration for a Kubernetes Pod.

Question 11: How are ReplicaSets often created?

One is automatically created for you when you create a Ddeployment.
Using the kubectl create replicaset command.
By adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the deployment’s configuration file.
By Adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the Dockerfile used to build the container image.

Question 12: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

Plugins
ConfigMaps
ResourceSets
Service bindings
Deployments

Question 13: Which of the following are used to provide ConfigMaps to Pods and Deployments? Select all that apply.

String literals
YAML configuration files
Container runtimes
Service bindings
Kubernetes schedulers

Question 14: What Kubernetes capabilities enable an application to increase the number of Pods based on traffic? Select all that apply.

Service binding
Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
kubectl autoscale command
Kubernetes traffic router
kubectl scale command

Question 15: What does the following command do?

kubectl get secrets –namespace=default

Retrieves the secrets in the “default” namespace.
Retrieves the IBM Cloud IAM API key for your Kubernetes cluster.
Retrieves the binding.password values for the services bound to your Kubernetes cluster.
Retrieves all the Secrets in your Kubernetes cluster.

Question 16: What is the Istio service mesh used for? Select all that apply.

Control the flow of traffic between services.
Secure communication between services.
Encrypt Kubernetes secrets.
Observe and monitor services.

Question 17: Kubernetes is the sole project hosted by the CNCF.

True
False

Question 18: OpenShift can be run in which of the following environments? Select all that apply.

On premise
Public cloud
Private cloud
Hybrid cloud

Question 19: What is the open-source upstream version of OpenShift called?

OKD
Kubernetes open source
Istio
CRD
Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS

Question 20: Which of the following build strategies injects application source code into builder images without having to write a Dockerfile?

Docker
Source-to-image
Custom build
Image stream
Webhook

Question 21: Image streams contain complete image data.

True
False

Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift V2

Containers:

Containers are a lightweight and portable unit that can encapsulate an application and its dependencies. They provide a consistent and reproducible environment, making it easier to develop, deploy, and scale applications across different computing environments. Containers package an application and its dependencies, libraries, and runtime into a single, isolated unit. They leverage containerization technologies like Docker to ensure consistency across various environments, from development to production.

Key concepts:

Docker: A widely used containerization platform that allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into containers.

Kubernetes:

Kubernetes, often abbreviated as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform. It automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes provides a set of abstractions to manage and scale containerized workloads, ensuring that applications run consistently and reliably across different infrastructure environments.

Key concepts:

Nodes: Individual machines (physical or virtual) that form the cluster.
Pods: The smallest deployable units in Kubernetes, representing one or more containers that share the same network namespace and storage.
Deployments: A higher-level abstraction that allows you to declaratively manage the desired state of your application.

OpenShift:

OpenShift is a container platform built around Docker containers and Kubernetes for container orchestration. It provides additional tools and features for developers and operators to build, deploy, and manage containerized applications more effectively. OpenShift adds a developer-friendly layer on top of Kubernetes, offering features like source-to-image (S2I), integrated CI/CD pipelines, and built-in monitoring and logging.

Key features:

Source-to-Image (S2I): A tool for building reproducible container images from source code.
Integrated CI/CD: OpenShift provides built-in support for continuous integration and continuous deployment pipelines.
Web Console: A web-based interface for managing and monitoring applications on the OpenShift platform.